PubMed
Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane
Szeto, 2006
MitochondrialPhase 3A
SS-31
Elamipretide / Szeto-Schiller Peptide 31
SS-31 (elamipretide, brand: Bendavia) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for Barth syndrome and primary mitochondrial myopathy. Phase III trials for heart failure (PROGRESS-HF) and primary mitochondrial myopathy demonstrated significant functional improvements. Not yet FDA-approved for any indication.
Observational report only — live community data. Not medical advice. Does not recommend doses, protocols, or treatments.
- Studies cited
- 7
- Research grade
- A
- Experience
- 13
- Activity
- 47
Overall check-ins
Trackers & reports
Overview
About SS-31
SS-31 (elamipretide, brand: Bendavia) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for Barth syndrome and primary mitochondrial myopathy. Phase III trials for heart failure (PROGRESS-HF) and primary mitochondrial myopathy demonstrated significant functional improvements. Not yet FDA-approved for any indication.
- Category
- Mitochondrial
- Regulatory status
- Phase 3
- Also known as
- Elamipretide / Szeto-Schiller Peptide 31
- Self-reports
- 58
Community
What 58 users report
58 community reports
Overall experience
From check-in ratings — separate from side effects logged below. Side effects are logged separately from overall experience. A favorable check-in can still include nausea, fatigue, or injection-site reactions.
Favorable 2% · Mixed 2% · Unfavorable overall 96%
Most reported benefits
Benefits users selected when logging a favorable or mixed check-in.
Energy
187
Most logged side effects
Side effects are logged separately from overall experience. A favorable check-in can still include nausea, fatigue, or injection-site reactions.
Injection site irritation
183
Self-reported dose per injection
Median bucket: 5+ mg · Most common: 5+ mg
Reports span 0.025 to ≥ 5 mg (open-ended top bucket)
0.025–0.05 mg
10
0.2–0.4 mg
2
0.4–0.6 mg
1
0.6–1 mg
4
1–2 mg
18
2–3 mg
20
3–5 mg
6
5+ mg
125
Anonymized self-reports from PeptIQ users — not prescribing guidance. Buckets group similar logged amounts; open-ended top buckets mean “at least” that dose.
Commonly stacked with
How repeat users are trending
Among repeat reporters, 92% said they felt similar to their last entry, 8% more positive, and 0% more negative.
Overall, repeat reporters leaned more positive than their previous entry.
Median gap between entries: 73 days · Based on 37 repeat reporters
Research
Cited research (5)
Source
PubMed
Elamipretide in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction: EMBRACE-HF
Butler et al., 2020
ClinicalTrials.gov
Elamipretide (SS-31) studies on ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov, 2024
PubMed
Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential
Tung et al., 2025
PubMed
Serendipity and the discovery of novel compounds that restore mitochondrial plasticity
Szeto et al., 2014
Tools
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Frequently asked
What do PeptIQ users report about SS-31?
This page summarizes 58 anonymized self-reports from PeptIQ users who track SS-31, including commonly reported effects and co-tracked peptides. These are observational patterns, not clinical outcomes.
How do side effects relate to overall experience for SS-31?
PeptIQ separates overall check-in ratings (favorable, mixed, or unfavorable) from logged side effects like nausea or fatigue. Users often report benefits and side effects in the same check-in — a high experience score does not mean zero side effects were noted.
What research is cited for SS-31?
5 sources are linked on this page, including PubMed articles, clinical trial registries, and FDA labels where applicable. Citations describe published research — not recommendations.
Is SS-31 safe to use?
This wiki does not assess safety or recommend use. SS-31 is listed as Phase 3. Consult a licensed clinician for personal medical decisions.
What are the purported benefits and uses of SS-31?
Research, primarily in animal models, suggests SS-31 may have a wide range of therapeutic potentials due to its ability to promote angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), stimulate collagen synthesis, and modulate inflammatory responses.
SourceWhat is the legal status of SS-31?
SS-31 is not approved by the FDA for any human use. There is no legal basis for selling it as a drug, food, or dietary supplement in the United States. The FDA has classified SS-31 as a Category 2 bulk drug substance, which explicitly prohibits licensed compounding pharmacies from using it in compounded medications.
SourceWhat are the known or theoretical side effects and risks of SS-31?
The safety and effectiveness of SS-31 have not been thoroughly evaluated in humans through rigorous clinical trials. This lack of human data means that safe dosages, short-term side effects, and long-term health consequences are largely unknown.
SourceWhat is the current state of research on SS-31?
While there are over 200 published studies on SS-31, the vast majority are animal or in vitro (cell) studies. These preclinical studies consistently show positive results across various tissue types. However, there is a significant lack of comprehensive human clinical trial data.
Source